Der 27. Jänner ist ein bedeu­ten­der Gedenktag. Die Vereinten Nationen la­den alljähr­lich aus An­lass des Inter­natio­nal Holocaust Remembrance Day zu einem offi­ziellen Festakt ins UN-Haupt­quartier in New York, um der Millio­nen Ermor­deten des national­sozialis­ti­schen Völkermords zu gedenken. Den­noch ist dieses feier­liche Ereignis für viele der Opfer des NS-Genozids ein Affront und eine Demü­ti­gung: Bei der dies­jäh­rigen Holocaust Memorial Ceremony bleibt mit den Roma und Sinti eine Opfergruppe aus­ge­schlos­sen, die in vielen Gebie­ten fast zur Gänze dem Rassen­wahn der Natio­nal­sozialis­ten zum Opfer fiel (so auch in Österreich, wo statis­tisch nur einer von zehn Ange­hörigen der Volks­gruppe die NS-Verfolgung über­lebte). Die Protest­stim­men der Betrof­fenen (etwa hier, hier oder hier) werden igoniert, das Leid der aus rassischen Gründen mit dem Ziel ihrer Vernichtung verfolg­ten und in den KZs ermor­de­ten Roma bleibt wie so oft ungehört: Es ist, man kann es nicht anders nennen, eine Schande.

Dabei hatten die Roma in den letzten Jahren Anlass zur Hoff­nung, dass auch ihr Schick­sal und ihre Opfer nicht länger acht­los über­gan­gen wer­den: Nach energi­schen Protes­ten war 2010 mit dem Polen Andrzej Mirga erst­mals auch ein Roma-Ver­tre­ter als Redner des UN-Gedenk­aktes ein­gela­den wor­den. Für die Roma war diese Anerken­nung ein sehr erfreu­licher, bedeu­ten­der Schritt. Doch die Reprä­sen­tation von Roma „en­dete so schnell, wie sie begon­nen hat“, schreibt Petra Gelbart, selbst Romni und seit 2009 Gast der UN-Gedenk­feiern. Über die Ver­anstal­tun­gen der letzten Jahre be­rich­tete sie 2012:

The substantive inclusion of Romanies has not been replica­ted in the UN lobby exhibits or in any other UN-spon­sored program during or since that time. We need to see not a one-time token gesture but rather a perma­nent change in approach

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. In 2011, the Re­membrance event inclu­ded a brief video testi­mony from a Romani sur­vivor. However, once again no Roma or Sinti had been invited to participate, and as usual the Holo­caust and its after­math were implicitly defined as an exclu­sively Jewish matter. In 2012, for a minute or so out of the entire program, a Sinti person was featured, again only on the screen. It was Setella Steinbach, whose story was recounted as part of a string of portrayals of child victims. (…) Later in the program, a parallel on-screen dis­play was shown, hono­ring specific Jewish Holo­caust sur­vivors and their contri­butions to society. The absence of a single Romani survivor was a stark remin­der of the wide­spread idea that Roma and Sinti have few cultural merits, in addition to being un­worthy of par­ticipa­tion in Holocaust re­membrance plan­ning.

Erst im Vorjahr war mit der Wissenschaftlerin Ethel Brooks wieder eine Vertre­terin der Roma als Red­nerin zuge­lassen (hier das Video). Was eine Selbst­verständ­lich­keit im Ablauf des Fest­aktes sein sollte, die Sicht­bar­keit der Opfer der Roma – und seien es nur, wie aktuell gefor­dert, fünf Minuten des Fest­program­mes –, bleibt heute jedoch neuer­lich aus­gespart. In ihrem offenen Brief findet Petra Gelbart dafür klare Worte:

I am myself Romani, from the Czech Republic. For years, a group of us have been pressing the UN (as well as other orga­niza­tions) to include Roma in Holo­caust memorials. We have met more resistance than you can imagine. We have succee­ded in having the UN invite a Romani speaker to the annual com­memo­ration ceremony twice over the last few years, but our request to have five minutes gran­ted to feature invited Romany spea­kers and sur­vivors each year (out of a cere­mony that is 1.5 hours long) has been met with flat rejec­tion, on the grounds that “there isn’t enough time.“ Along­side the Jews, the Roma were the other ethnicity slated for complete annihilation. (…) As descen­dants of victims and survi­vors, it is humiliating to be written out of history, of course. (…) The exclusion of Roma from Holocaust cere­mo­nies, or the occa­sio­nal passing mention of them by tacking on an “and others“ in a ceremony (…) perpe­tuates current igno­rant stereotypes held by majority popu­lations by giving the impres­sion that those Roma who were killed were exe­cuted be­cause they led a transient or cri­mi­nal lifestyle.

Ähnliches ist auch im aktuellen offenen Brief des US-amerikanischen Sprach­wissen­schaftlers und promi­nenten Roma-Akti­vis­ten Ian Hancock zu lesen. Im Fol­gen­den ein Auszug:

For too long, proper recognition of the fate of the Romani victims of the Holocaust has been avoi­ded, both at the national and the inter­natio­nal level. At best, we are grouped separately as “other victims”(…). The Holocaust (Shoah, Khurbn, Porrajmos) was a mas­sive program of genocide. Just two peoples, Jews and Romanies, were singled out for obli­tera­tion. Just two peoples, Jews and Romanies, were singled out for what they were born. Just two peoples, Jews and Romanies, were singled out as targets of a Final Solution. (…) My own people were the victims of attempted genocide in the Holo­caust, as were Jews, “for the same reasons using the same methods,” as Miriam Novitch of the Ghetto Fighters’ House in Israel wrote in 1968. Despite these facts, we remain woe­fully under-re­presen­ted, and continue to be sidelined in Holocaust com­memo­ra­tion. We still wait for an expla­na­tion for this imbalance.

(R. Urbaner/dROMa)

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